[2] A charitable trust may hold the donated assets. The institution has always provided public goods that range from education and health care to water supply and highway facilities on a voluntary basis by the non-profit sector. [18][self-published source], In the 16th century, the Haseki Sultan charitable complex was founded by the wife of Suleyman the Magnificent and serviced 26 villages; the institution also included shops, a bazaar, two soap plants, 11 flour mills and two bathhouses located in Palestine and Lebanon. Many activities for men, women and children. In Islam, Waqf is a form of ongoing charity (Sadaqah Jariya). The Jerusalem Islamic Waqf is an Islamic religious trust (sometimes called an "Islamic Religious Endowments" organization) best known for controlling and managing the current Islamic edifices on and around the Temple Mount in the Old City of Jerusalem, including the Al-Aqsa Mosque and the Dome of the Rock. Charity Week 2020: For orphans and needy children, : International Waqf Fund, 22-24 Sampson Road North, Birmingham, B11 1BL, GB. According to the book, Sultan Muizuddin Sam Ghaor dedicated two villages in favor of Jama Masjid, Multan, and, handed its administration to the Shaikhul Islam (highest ecclesiastical officer of the Empire). The North American Islamic Trust (NAIT) is a waqf, the historical Islamic equivalent of an American trust or endowment, serving Muslims in the United States and their institutions. As the waqf would expire whenever its termination conditions are fulfilled (e.g. In West Africa, very few examples of the institution can be found, and were usually limited to the area around Timbuktu and Djenné in Massina Empire. Moreover, Waqf is a form of charitable giving that has provided sustainable support to charitable. The waqf property then, This page was last edited on 27 November 2020, at 16:20. 2 (Fall 2006), pg. 1. The idea that waqfs provided many of the social and cultural services to ‘citizens’ of diverse Islamic polities ranging from the Mamluk and Ottoman empires to India, Indonesia, and Iran would not surprise many scholars. Hassan (1984) as cited in HS Nahar and H Yaacob, 2011, Accountability in the Sacred Context: The case of management, accounting and reporting of a Malaysian cash awqaf institution, Journal of Islamic Accounting and Business Research, Vol. For a millennium, the waqf (Islamic trust) has financed Islam as a society, although more recently it has been on the decline. Islamic law puts several legal conditions on the process of establishing a waqf. In Islam, there are several Islamic events that have their own significance. Another difference was the English vesting of "legal estate" over the trust property in the trustee, though the "trustee was still bound to administer that property for the benefit of the beneficiaries." Finally if a person is fatally ill, the waqf is subject to the same restrictions as a will in Islam. Waqf constituted by an insane or minor person is void. Sign up. It goes on to say that Umar gave it away as alms, that the land itself would not be sold, inherited or donated. English: charitable trust. Authors: Khaireldeen Taleb. Thus, this is no ordinary responsibility which the parents of Waqf-e-Nau children, and especially the mothers, pledge to God regarding their yet-to-be-born child and write to the Khalifah of the time that we, like the mother of Hadrat Maryamas, enlist our child in the Waqf-e-Nau scheme while pledging to Allah: At least some of the beneficiaries must also exist at the time of the founding of the waqf. foundations in America which are restricted to religious or philanthropic purposes, Waqf in Islamic society may also be for one's own family and descendants. Early references to Wakf in India can be found in the 14th-century work Insha-i-Mahru by Aynul Mulk Ibn Mahru. Qurbani: The story of prophet Ibrahim’s sacrifice. The official appointed to care for a shrine is usually called a mutawallī. Its sole purpose must be charitable and the beneficiary group must be named. [13], Usually a waqf has a range of beneficiaries. "[31], Personal trust law developed in England at the time of the Crusades, during the 12th and 13th centuries. For this the founder must: Although waqf is an Islamic institution, being a Muslim is not required to establish a waqf, and dhimmis may establish a waqf. Thus, land, according to such jurists, can never become extinguished. After the enactment Wakf Act 1954, the Union government directed to all the states governments to implement the Act for administering the wakf institutions like mosques, dargah, ashurkhanas, graveyards, takhiyas, iddgahs, imambara, anjumans and various religious and charitable institutions. 1-Islamic Waqf was prior the Western Waqf specially the American. Abstract. The next oldest document is a marble tablet whose inscription bears the Islamic date equivalent to 913 CE and states the waqf status of an inn, but is in itself not the original deed; it is held at the Eretz Israel Museum in Tel Aviv. Out of these cookies, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. Whatever the declaration, most scholars (those of the Hanafi, Shafi'i, some of the Hanbali and the Imami Shi'a schools) hold that it is not binding and irrevocable until actually delivered to the beneficiaries or put in their use. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. Mashaallah." 2, No. We offer a real route out of poverty with…, Location: Bosnia and Herzegovina Beneficiaries: 80 Women Cost: 50,000$. But opting out of some of these cookies may have an effect on your browsing experience. Islamic Relief delivers Waqf through its partners – Iqraa Trust and Al Baraka Bank. It is mandatory to procure user consent prior to running these cookies on your website. [3] Although the waqf system depended on several hadiths and presented elements similar to practices from pre-Islamic cultures, it seems that the specific full-fledged Islamic legal form of endowment called waqf dates from the 9th century AD (see "History and location" below). The founder may himself choose to administer the waqf during his lifetime. [5] Habs and similar terms are used mainly by Maliki jurists. In addition, trustworthiness and administration skills are required. Journal of the Arab American University, Volume 1, Issue 1, 2015. There is, however, no harm in selling it in certain circumstances, as mentioned in rules nos. These objects should not already be in the public domain: public property cannot be used to establish a waqf. In addition, educational and religious causes throughout the Muslim world. The new subsidiary which is wholly owned by Islamic Relief is now known as the International Waqf Fund. 10(1); August 2014 Where donations are invested via safe Sharia compliant means. NAIT facilitates the realization of American Muslims' desire for a virtuous and happy life in a Shari'ah-compliant way. International Waqf and Relief Foundation (IWARF) is a British registered charitable agency, which started in 2013, working across the globe in areas including Bangladesh, Eritrea, Palestine, Kashmir, Myanmar, Yemen and locally in the UK. Charity Week started off as a volunteer-led initiative where students in…, Education is the foundation for success. In the introduction, the author studies the importance of Waqf. A centuries-old Islamic tradition established. A waqf is a contract, therefore the founder (called al-wāqif or al-muḥabbis in Arabic) must be of the capacity to enter into a contract. It is said that during the time of the Prophet, after the Hijrah, the first waqf was composed of a grove of 600 date palms. American Islamic Waqf. Thus, intact so it can continue to help vulnerable people year after year (sadaqah jariyah). Thus, there is no need for an administrator, and the beneficiaries themselves can take care of the waqf. This article examines the grounds for the success of the waqf; the primary one being its solid foundational structure, developed by jurists benefiting from the flexibility of ijtihad that praises the waqf to be compatible and adaptable to any substantial changes. Join our mailing list . Waqf is known as an endowment consist of … As well as, It is a donation of money, property or other assets. These cookies do not store any personal information. Once in their use, however, the waqf becomes an institution in its own right. The North American Islamic Trust (NAIT) is a waqf, the historical Islamic equivalent of an American trust or endowment, serving Muslims in the United States and their institutions. 2-The Waqf in the two Systems Islamic and Western participate in including a plenty of educational, cultural, International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Vol. Most scholars agree that once the waqf is founded, it can't be taken back. A centuries-old Islamic tradition established. Definition: An endowment or a charitable trust set up for Islamic purposes (usually for education, mosques, or for the poor). The Hanafis, however, also allow most movable goods to be dedicated to a waqf with some restrictions. [5] The person making the grant is called al-waqif (or al-muhabbis) while the endowed assets are called al-mawquf (or al-muhabbas). of Islam to every individual. Template:Refimprove sectionThe term waqf literally means \"confinement and prohibition\" or causing a thing to stop or stand still. The Mālikīs, however, hold that a waqf may exist for some time without beneficiaries, whence the proceeds accumulate are given to beneficiaries once they come into existence. Scholars stress that non-Muslim citizens of the Islamic state (dhimmi) can definitely be beneficiaries. [5], In older English-language law-related works in the late 19th/early 20th centuries, the word used for waqf was vakouf;[6] The word, also present in such French works, was used during the time of the Ottoman Empire, and is from the Turkish vakıf. secondly, Since then, the generosity of Waqf donors powered life-saving and life-changing humanitarian intervention in over 25 countries worldwide. A waḳf can be declared null and void by the, According to the Mālikī school of thought, the termination of the waqf may be specified in its founding declaration. 2102 and 2103. Aydın, M. A. The objects should not themselves be haram (e.g. “Osmanlı Toplumunda Kadın ve Tanzimat Sonrası Gelişmeler” (Women in Ottoman Society the Developments after the Tanzimat), Max Abrahms, Why Terrorism Does Not Work, International Security, Vol. Therefore, unlike foundations in America that are restricted to religious or philanthropic purposes, Waqf in Islamic society may also be for one's own family and descendants. At International Waqf Fund we believe the key route out of poverty for poor…, Copyright ©2020 WAQF. Jerusalem Islamic Waqf. In addition, educational and religious causes throughout the Muslim world. This gift is invested to generate a charitable return for the cause to which was donated. Other scholars, however, hold that all possibilities must be examined to see if the goods of the waqf can be used at all, exhausting all methods of exploitation before the termination. Losing both his parents at a young age, the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) encouraged us to look…, 26th October to 1st November What is Charity Week? Hisham Yaacob, 2006, Waqf Accounting in Malaysian State Islamic Religious Institutions: The Case of Federal Territory SIRC, unpublished Master dissertation, International Islamic University Malaysia. • [2], Muslim Philanthropy Digital Library, an open-source Library managed by the research program at the John D. Gerhart Center for Philanthropy and Civic Engagement at the American University in Cairo The earliest known waqf, founded by financial official Abū Bakr Muḥammad bin Ali al-Madhara'i in 919 (during the Abbasid period), is a pond called Birkat Ḥabash together with its surrounding orchards, whose revenue was to be used to operate a hydraulic complex and feed the poor. Sukuk-Waqf can be seen as the perfect sustainable financing instrument offered by Islam to help sustain public spending by the people and for the people. The Prophet said, 'If you like, make the property inalienable and give the profit from it to charity.'" Subscribe Unlock nonprofit financial insights that will help you make more informed decisions. [10] For several centuries, the income generated by these businesses contributed in the maintenance of a mosque, a soup kitchen, and two traveler and pilgrim inns.[10]. Although waqf is not specifically mentioned therein, the concept of wealth re-distribution is strongly emphasised in the Qur’an (2:215, 264, 270, 280). The founder cannot also have pledged the property previously to someone else. Hayrat, the plural form of hayr, means “goodnesses” and refers to the motivational factor behind vakıf organization; akarat refers to corpus and literally means ”real estates” implying revenue-generating sources, such as markets (bedestens, arastas, hans, etc. Learn More. [13], The declaration of founding is usually a written document, accompanied by a verbal declaration, though neither are required by most scholars. Still operating the same as before, our Waqf division is looking to venture into new and exciting investment initiatives. * Funds raise under Islamic Relief Waqf and all Waqf returns now managed by International Waqf Fund’. They must be identifiable. These conditions are generally true for contracts in Islam. All (239) Temple Mount (212) Al-Aqsa Mosque (92) Jerusalem (58) 2017 Temple Mount shooting (51) September 16, … 2 reviews of American Islamic Waqf Noor Islamic Cultural Center "Beautiful mosque and community center. Thus, by International Waqf Fund.However, the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him). [21] In turn the State Wakf Boards work towards management, regulation and protect the Wakf properties by constituting District Wakf Committees, Mandal Wakf Committees and Committees for the individual Wakf Institutions. Stiftungszweck können Moscheen, Madrasa-Schulen, Sufi-Konvente (Tekken), Krankenhäuser oder Einrichtungen zur Armenspeisung sein, aber auch Mühlen, Wasserräder, Bewässerungskanäle und öffentliche Brunnen sowie der Unterhalt der Armen an den heiligen Stätten von Mekka und Medina. [7], The term waqf literally means "confinement and prohibition" or causing a thing to stop or stand still. 4, No. NAIT, the MSA and ISNA, which was also named an ‘unindicted co-conspirator’ during the HLF trials, all have their distinctive roles but are all part and parcel of the same organization. Zain, M ... Waqf is one of the important economic instruments in Islam. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. Today, NAIT continues to hold the assets of the MSA along with its affiliated Islamic Society of North America (ISNA). The person making such dedication is known as a waqif (a donor). Try our monthly plan today. [20] As per the report of Sachar Committee (2006) there are about 500,000 registered Wakfs with 600,000 acres (2,400 km2) land in India, and Rs. [32][33], This article is about the religious endowment. The founder can specify which persons are eligible for benefit (such the founder's family, entire community, only the poor, travelers). [17] A possibly older waqfiya is a papyrus held by the Louvre Museum in Paris, with no written date but considered to be from the mid-9th century. Firstly, the profit from which gave  away as charity. 60 billion book value. In Turkey, where such endowments formerly constituted a very considerable portion of the national wealth, all endowments were confiscated by the regime of Atatürk (president 1928–38). ), land, baths; and waqf, in its narrow sense, is the institution(s) providing services as committed in the vakıf deed such as madrasas, public kitchens (imarets), karwansarays, mosques, libraries, etc. Some Muslim jurists argue that the right of ownership of Waqf belongs to Allah. One of the main objectives of this nonprofit Islamic organization is to own and promote the waqf of Muslims in North America. In this sense, the "role of the English trustee therefore does not differ significantly from that of the mutawalli. This category only includes cookies that ensures basic functionalities and security features of the website. 21(4): 30-56. 2, pp. The purpose of this article is to provide a concise and brief introduction to the classical Islamic law of waqf.This study is based on the Fiqh literature of four Sunni schools of thought. Other articles where Waqf is discussed: Islam: Shrines of Sufi saints: …departments of awqāf (plural of waqf, a religious endowment). Under this act, a Muslim can tie his property for perpetuity for the support of his family, children and descendants, provided that he makes a provision in such a manner that the ultimate benefits go to a charitable object of a permanent nature, made either expressly or impliedly. The beneficiaries may not use the waqf for a purpose in contradiction of Islamic principles. All movable goods can also form waqf, according to most Islamic jurists. Zur Gründung des Waqf wird eine spezielle Urkunde hergestellt, die als Waqfīya bezeichnet wird. The Ḥanafīs hold that the list of beneficiaries include a perpetual element; the waqf must specify its beneficiaries in case. There is dispute over whether the founder himself can reserve exclusive rights to use waqf. Instead, Islamic west African societies placed a much greater emphasis on non-permanent acts of charity. In addition, Recognising the need for sustainable charity, in the year 2000. Scholars interpret this as the case where goods are no longer used in the manner intended by the founder. Thus, by International Waqf Fund.However, the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him). The waqf trusts also funded medical schools, and their revenues covered various expenses such as their maintenance and the payment of teachers and students. The first mosque built by 'Amr ibn al-'As is an example of this: the land was donated by Qaysaba bin Kulthum, and the mosque's expenses were then paid by the Bayt al-mal. The Madras and Nagpur High Courts have held that a non-Muslim can also create a valid waqf provided the object of waqf is not against the principles of Islam. as well as, their gift keeps on giving – the original gift  preserve that . 31, No. (April 1, 2020 / JNS) The Jerusalem Islamic Waqf on Tuesday uploaded pictures to its official Facebook page showing Waqf employees carrying out unauthorized digs on the Temple Mount. [15], The property (called al-mawqūf or al-muḥabbas) used to found a waqf must be objects of a valid contract. "[12][verification needed]. An example of a non-existent beneficiary is an unborn child. Waqf by Non-Muslims: The dedicator must profess Islam i.e., believes in the principles of Islam’, he need not be a Muslim by religion. North American Islamic Trust (NAIT) ist eine saudi-unterstützte islamische Wohltätigkeitsorganisation in den Vereinigten Staaten.Sie wurde 1971 gegründet, mit Sitz in Plainfield, Indiana, USA.Viele der von Einwanderern, die in den 1960er Jahren in die USA kamen, gegründeten muslimischen Institutionen haben ihre Wurzeln in der Muslim Students Association (), in der sie College-Aktivisten waren. 1. Each year, Muslims in American Samoa do special arrangements regarding the event. This website uses cookies to improve your experience. The Mussalman Waqf Validating Act of 1930 came into effect on July 25, 1930, which was applied retrospectively on the waqfs created before March 7,1913. 87–113. Across the world, the poorest people struggle to access financial services like loans, which could improve their circumstances. According to expert Illife, this can be explained by West Africa's tradition of "personal largesse." Waqf, or ‘Endowment’, is a long-standing Islamic tradition. And it will not be held against him who administers it if he consumes some of its yield in an appropriate manner or feeds a friend who does not enrich himself by means of it. There can also be multiple beneficiaries. He gave it away for the poor, the relatives, the slaves, the jihad, the travelers and the guests. Ownership of Waqf From a legal point of view, the ownership of Waqf property lies outside the person who created the Waqf. The oldest dated waqfiya goes back to 876 CE and concerns a multi-volume edition of the Qur'an currently held by the Turkish and Islamic Arts Museum in Istanbul. Alternate spelling: Awkaf, Awqaf. American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences. Public utilities such as mosques, schools, bridges, graveyards and drinking fountains can be the beneficiaries of a waqf. By the 11th century, many Islamic cities had several hospitals. The earliest pious foundations in Egypt were charitable gifts, and not in the form of a waqf. In Addition, Funds raised under nd all returns now managed by, However, Funds under nd all returns now managed by, Funds were raised under nd all Waqf returns are now managed by International Waqf. 2. The proceeds of this waqf were meant to feed Medina's poor. In 1975, the North American Islamic Trust (NAIT) was registered in the state of Indiana. In Ottoman Turkish law, and later under the British Mandate of Palestine, a waqf was defined as usufruct State land (or property) from which the State revenues are assured to pious foundations. * Funds were raised under Islamic Relief Waqf and all Waqf returns are now managed by International Waqf Fund’. Moreover, Waqf is a form of charitable giving that has provided sustainable support to charitable. Abstract: The paper consists of an introduction and two chapters, namely, definition of Waqf in language and convention and characteristics of Islamic Waqf. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. Thus, the founder makes arrangements beforehand by appointing an administrator (called nāẓir or mutawallī or ḳayyim) and lays down the rules for appointing successive administrators. 74, General Directorate of Pious Foundation in Ankara, "تعريف و شرح و معنى حبوس بالعربي في معاجم اللغة العربية معجم المعاني الجامع، المعجم الوسيط ،اللغة العربية المعاصر ،الرائد ،لسان العرب ،القاموس المحيط - معجم عربي عربي صفحة 1", "The Ottoman Constitution, Promulgated the 7th Zilbridje, 1293 (11/23 December, 1876)", The American Journal of International Law, "A Constitution for a Multilingual Empire: Translations of the, "The legacy of vakıf institutions and the management of social policy in Turkey", Encyclopedia of the History of Arabic Science, "The Influence of the Islamic Law of Waqf on the Development of the Trust in England: The Case of Merton College", Islamic Law of waqf according to Five Islamic schools of jurisprudence, Islamic Law According to Five schools of jurisprudence, Islamic law concerning waqf (Public Trust), Encyclopaedia of the Orient article on waqf. And of the 491 public fountains in Istanbul that were constructed during the Ottoman period and survived until the 1930s, nearly 30% of them were registered under waqfs that belonged to women. Moreover, there is definitive evidence that many great personalities of Islam had endowed their properties for charitable purposes. The remains of the goods are to revert to the founder or his/her heirs. [20] A statutory body under Government of India, which also oversees State Wakf Boards. The primary focus is on the Ḥanafī Fiqh, however, representative texts of the other schools have also been taken into account.There are three major findings in this article. Any cookies that may not be particularly necessary for the website to function and is used specifically to collect user personal data via analytics, ads, other embedded contents are termed as non-necessary cookies. [26], The waqf in Islamic law, which developed in the medieval Islamic world from the 7th to 9th centuries, bears a notable resemblance to the English trust law. [13], The administrator, like other persons of responsibility under Islamic law, must have capacity to act and contract. Furthermore, Islamic Relief began offering Shariah-compliant Waqf shares as a way to donate. Moreover, Giving Waqf means never-ending blessings for the International Waqf Fund donor. [5] In Twelver Shiism, ḥabs is a particular type of waqf, in which the founder reserves the right to dispose of the waqf property. News related to Waqf (962) BNI Syariah raises funds through Waqf platform. [14] Out of 30,000 waqf certificates documented by the GDPFA (General Directorate of Pious Foundation in Ankara), over 2,300 of them were registered to institutions that belonged to women. Nevertheless, Islamic law envisages conditions under which the waqf may be terminated:[13], The practices attributed to Muhammad have promoted the institution of waqf from the earliest part of Islamic history. In the coming years, several more wakfs were created, as the Delhi Sultanate flourished. We'll assume you're ok with this, but you can opt-out if you wish. If the goods of the waqf are destroyed or damaged. As well as, Funds under nd all returns now manage by . [19], As per the Wakf Act 1954 (later Wakf Act 1995) enacted by the government of India, Wakfs are categorized as (a) Wakf by user such as Graveyards, Musafir Khanas (Sarai) and Chowltries etc., (b) Wakf under Mashrutul-khidmat (Service Inam) such as Khazi service, Nirkhi service, Pesh Imam service and Khateeb service etc., and (c) Wakf Alal-aulad is dedicated by the Donor (Wakif) for the benefit of their kith and kin and for any purpose recognised by Muslim law as pious, religious or charitable. The original gift (money, land, property, assets) is kept intact. A waqf (Arabic: وَقْف‎; [ˈwɑqf]), also known as hubous (حُبوس)[1] or mortmain property, is an inalienable charitable endowment under Islamic law. Khan, 2020, "Reviving the Waqf Tradition: Moral Imagination and the Structural Causes of Poverty". It involves tying up a property in perpetuity so that it cannot be sold, inherited, or donated to anyone. Waqf Al Arafa (Hajj) in American Samoa is 19 Jul 2021 (9 Zulhijjah 1442 AH). [9], Generally, the waqf must fulfill three primary constraints:[10], Although there is no direct Quranic injunction regarding the Waqf, their conception in Islamic society has been derived from a number of hadiths. Preventing blindness: Can you give the gift of sight? [13], The beneficiaries of the waqf can be persons and public utilities. International Waqf Fund. Along the lines adopted by classical Fuqaha’, we argue that the family Waqf is charitable in essence because it gives income/usufruct to persons free on charges and improve the welfare of future generations. "[29], The only significant distinction between the Islamic waqf and English trust was "the express or implied reversion of the waqf to charitable purposes when its specific object has ceased to exist",[30] though this difference only applied to the waqf ahli (Islamic family trust) rather than the waqf khairi (devoted to a charitable purpose from its inception). [27] Every waqf was required to have a waqif (founder), mutawillis (trustee), qadi (judge) and beneficiaries. Sie wurde in vormoderner Zeit von einem Qādī registriert, der auch die Einhaltung der Stiftungsbedingungen über… [13], The property dedicated to waqf is generally immovable, such as estate. The beneficiaries must not be at war with the Muslims. Pages: 24-46. [24], According to Hamas, all of historic Palestine is an Islamic waqf, which translates as a "prohibition from surrendering or sharing". All Rights Reserved. The waqf trust institutions funded the hospitals for various expenses, including the wages of doctors, ophthalmologists, surgeons, chemists, pharmacists, domestics and all other staff, the purchase of foods and medicines; hospital equipment such as beds, mattresses, bowls and perfumes; and repairs to buildings. CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (. For the Armenian village, see. Thus, Funds raise under nd all returns now managed by . [13], A widely unknown fact about the demographic of founders of Ottoman waqfs is that many of them were women; with the existence of their establishments having a crucial impact on their communities’ economic life. Some scholars require that the administrator of this Islamic religious institution be a Muslim, though the Hanafis drop this requirement. [16], The two oldest known waqfiya (deed) documents are from the 9th century, while a third one dates from the early 10th century, all three within the Abbasid Period. The waqf as an institution of beneficence is well known among Islamic scholars. WAQF-S also develops new Islamic finance tools for the non-profit sector, provides secured infrastructure to globalise the waqf industry, and ensures a high degree of transparency via waqf sukuk. American Islamic Waqf Noor Islamic Cultural Center | 5 followers on LinkedIn. [25], After the Islamic waqf law and madrassah foundations were firmly established by the 10th century, the number of Bimaristan hospitals multiplied throughout Islamic lands. The imam would make himself the collector and distributor of charity, thus building his personal prestige. [13], Waqf is intended to be perpetual and last forever.
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