However, some, examples are reported, such as the recent case of the Russian River estuary, in July 2010. events are observed during high-water periods (autumn 2007, 2008, and 2009). Estuaries have a life cycle. The main part of the widening is due to the erosion of the southern part of the mouth (about 2,300 m). In a flood period, the river tends to overtop its banks. or less north-south oriented. Its rain season falls between April and October, and can receive ab… Also, a big part of the thesis is dedicated to using the Mike 21/3 by DHI (Danish Hydraulic Institute), a coupled hydrodynamic and wave model, which is used to characterize water circulation, waves and the bed shear stresses at the complex river-mouth systems. compensates for the forward motion of Landsat 7, failed. A JERS-1 OPS (Japanese Earth Remote Sensing Satellite, Optical Sensor) image was used to make a methodological surue y of the Mont-Saint-Michel foreshore (West of France). When a lagoon or bay is protected from the ocean by a sandbar or barrier island, it is called a bar-built estuary (3). 2010). Size at first sexual maturity (L50) is reached at 29 cm FL for males and 31 cm FL for females of M. capurrii. 2 for location). The evolution of the new mouth’s width has been analysed, using a Landsat time series of 94 scenes, covering the period 2003–2010. The word "estuary" is derived from the Latin word aestuarium meaning tidal inlet of the sea, which in itself is derived from the term aestus, meaning tide.There have been many definitions proposed to describe an estuary. – Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf, estuaries. imum flow was observed at Bakel (see fig. Rapid erosion of the southern part of the mouth. This feature should be considered in future speculations regarding continental drift and the permanence of continents. suffers a strong southward littoral drift. In recent decades major water developments have led to an agricultural transformation of the Senegal delta both in Senegal and Mauritania. Thus, the Senegal River estuary is typically of bar, W) is located in an elongated island of the estuary. southern part of the new mouth (not visible in fig. The Doom Bar sand bank extends across the River Camel estuary in Cornwall, England, UK A harbor or river bar is a sedimentary deposit formed at a harbor entrance or river mouth by: the deposition of freshwater sediment , or the action of waves on the sea floor or up-current beaches. E. July 28, 2004. The bar is mainly built from sands, et al. As a result, back‐barrier deposition decreases whilst the barrier aggradation through overwash becomes more frequent. observed in 2010, but with a lesser amplitude. If Saint-Louis City seems less subject to recurrent river. – Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science. The Landsat data were downloaded from the USGS, website (http://edcsns17.cr.usgs.gov/EarthExplorer/). Two large dams were built on the Senegal River in the mid-1980s that modified the hydrological regime of the river by 1) preventing seawater intrusion, 2) raising the stage of the river and of Lake of Guiers and 3) moderating floods. the temporal evolution of such a human-induced phenomenon and its consequences. In the estuary, there is little precipitation throughout the year. – Journal of African Earth Sciences. Although they are incomplete, numerous data have been gathered about the shifting mouth of the Senegal river and the extension of the Langue de Barbarie since 1850. This parameter is particularly important for studying, coastal zone with significant tidal amplitudes (, ple, Landsat ETM+ imagery is acquired each 16, systems allow a better repeat coverage due to their orbital characteristics or oblique, viewing (Spot, Formosat, etc.). Addresses of the authors: Jean-Paul Deroin, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, univ-reims.fr – Souleye Wade, Abdoulaye Dia, Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Institut des. It is, the largest satellite developed in Japan. (2004): Major world deltas: a perspective from space. Increasingly, the retroaction from the shallow aquifer systems is observed as a rise of the saline water table. The general trend is the opening of the mouth with an average of about 300 m per year since the breaching. The large breach, which quickly reached 3.4 km in May 2014, is attributed to morphological preconditioning of the narrow (50 to 150 m) barrier, which was susceptible to breaching even during moderate storm conditions. ], "MAJOR WORLD DELTAS: A PERSPECTIVE FROM SPACE", Littoral Survey Using the JERS-OPS Multispectral Sensor: Example of the Mont-Saint-Michel Bay (Normandy, France), Assessment of shoreline changes in the western side of Zanzibar channel using satellite remote sensing, Les environnements sédimentaires du bas Sénégal après les barrages de Diama et de Manantali, Effect of hypersaline and low lake conditions on ecological functioning of St Lucia estuarine system, South Africa: An overview 2002–2008. The fact that these wells are open and in a semiarid climate may be of such importance that the previously considered factors are of minor relative importance. The direct impact of the new breach on flood mitigation remains unknown. the breaching of Babagueye Island revealed in the image acquired in 2010. Nature Conservancy Council, Peterborough, 422 pp. W, ies; 2. The present thesis is based on field data which comprises bathymetric surveys, measured river water and solid discharges, wave and wind data, ADCP data, topographic profiles, satellite imagery. During a major flood in October 2003, the local authorities of, Saint-Louis, Senegal, decided to open a new artificial mouth about 25 km to the north, of the existing mouth of the Senegal River, to evacuate water from the lagoon to the. The streams or rivers flowing into bar-built estuaries typically have a … A review of the anthropogenic impacts which have affected the system is provided. the central part of the Babagueye Island that was directly submitted to the swells. Its applications include both urban and rural mapping of natural, resources, of natural disasters, and of change detection. They form, they age as they infill with sediment and they transform to other environments, such as freshwater marshes. Gheorghe lobe, taking into account the known sources and sinks, based on bathymetric measurements and numerical modelling results; and outlines the actions needed to envisage a full sediment transport scheme which is needed for a successful management of the deltaic coast. The northern part is barely affected because it is regularly fed with sand transported by the littoral drift. Breaching of dykes due to breaking wave impacts or extraordinary floods is relatively. Some reproductive aspects of black mullet Mugil capurrii on the Northern coast of Senegal, West Afri... NITRATES IN RURAL WELLS OF THE SENEGAL RIVER BASIN1. – Thesis, Université du Maine, Angers, France, 332 pp. D. January 18, 2004. This series is comple-, mented by recent high resolution Alos-PRISM data, and very high resolution Ikonos data. This paper presents the results of a survey of an estuary in Senegal since a human-, et al. Fjord. Although the definition of an estuary varies considerably, in the simplest terms, it is a Sand dune; 3. The study identified a palaeo-shoreline feature that is parallel to the present shoreline and located about 1.9 km inland from the present shoreline. Drigg is an example of a small, bar-built estuary on the north-west coast of England. a close link with the surficial water table. nents during non-monsoon period through Ocean Colour Monitoring. Bare soils with sparsely vegetated areas; 5. Bar-Built: Bar-built estuaries form when a barrier is built parallel to the coast above sea level. Agency (ESA). the total error on the estimated, The field survey indicates a rapid opening in the first days, 200, due to the tidal conditions and 270 m wide after 10, confirms a continuous phenomenon during the first three years (1,900, April 2007. Next, the event of an exceptionally large natural breaching of a sandy spit (Sacalin spit) is used to have an insight into the sediment transport processes downdrift of the Sf. They are defined as estuaries that are formed when sandbars build. The Uilenkraals estuary. of remote sensing in surveying estuaries. Fjords are valleys that were, at one time, carved out by glaciers and were then filled in with water (ONA). Alos carries three sensors: the Phased Array, L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (PALSAR), the Advanced V, Instrument for Stereo Mapping (PRISM). sedimentological and morphological evolution occur according to the tides. Inland wetlands; 4. During the last decades, in the estuarine part of the Senegal river, noticeable hydrological changes occurred.Downstream, from Gandiol to the mouth, these changes may be related to the inlet migration as well as pronounced marine invasions during the drought of 1972–1982 but mainly to the recent coming into operation of Diama retention dam. Bar built estuaries are behind some sort of natural bar between the estuary and the ocean, such as a spit. (2006): Remote sensing of aquatic coastal ecosys-, (2006): Crue et élévation du niveau marin à Saint-Louis du Sénégal: impacts poten-, (2003): Assessment of shoreline changes in, (1981): Etude géomorphologique des flèches sableuses du littoral sénégalais: Langue. – Comptes rendus Geoscience, des données Spot et Landsat au suivi des inondations dans l’estuaire du fleuve Sénégal. The San Francisco Bay is an example of a tectonic estuary. led to the widening and the retreat of the shoreline. a very deep river mouth with a large volume of freshwater flow beneath which a wedge of salt water from the ocean invades 1.fjord 2.salt wedge estuary 3.bar-built estuary ... is an example of a bar-built estuary. The breach has been opened very close to the neap, tide on October 3. Its actual effects to reduce flood in Saint-Louis City are not, obvious, even if no major flood event occurs since the breaching. Advanced gonad maturation and/or, A survey of 34 open hand dug wells was performed in the Senegal River basin of West Africa. – Hydrological Sciences – Journal des Sciences Hydrologiques, Lower Mississippi and Rhine Rivers (The Netherlands) and the continuum of geomor-, laires. The effect of the high, flow period (August to November) seems to shorten the mouth width but with various ampli-. The distance obtained is in meters. Kadijah location and charateristics Matagorda bay location central Texas gulf coast. Inland wetlands; 4. 96 points have been plotted. Example of the Mont Saint-Michel Bay (Normandy, mapping megatidal zones. The retreat is of about, natural breaching of Babagueye Island formed in February 2010 in front of the new. The working hypothesis is that either the observed growth of the delta occurred at a gradual rate between 1986 and 1998 or it was mainly an episodic event related to the extreme rainfall events such as the 1997/98 El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) event, which was associated with extreme rainfall and widespread landslides. The impacts of the hydro-engineering interventions in the Senegal river valley (West-Africa) are compared to the sectoral development objectives set by the "Organisation pour la Mise en Valeur du Fleuve Senegal" (OMVS) the river basin authority. The belt comprises a bordering folded zone and an inner zone exhibiting strong deformation, dynamic metamorphism, and possible igneous intrusions. Dynamique de la mangrove de l’estuaire du Saloum (Sénégal) entre 1972 et 2010. Urban fabric. Remote sensing techniques are particularly suitable for geological studies in arid regions such as the Arab world. Chesapeake Bay Bar-Built Estuary The, alert is given at Saint-Louis City when the water elevation reaches 1.75, moment of breaching, this water elevation was strongly decreasing because the max-. All figure content in this area was uploaded by Jean-Paul Deroin, All content in this area was uploaded by Jean-Paul Deroin on Jul 28, 2015, Impacts of breaching on a bar-built estuary, example of the Senegal River new mouth monitored, induced breach was opened in a bar at the mouth of the embayment in October 2003 to reduce, the effect of a major flood event. tion is still continuing as revealed by fig. The erosion due to the breach has. The impact of anthropogenic breaching on coastline evolution is, 2010) and repetitivity are particularly appropriate for, 1988), and has been already demonstrated in, et al. Then, Saint-Louis City, faces many environmental problems, the most alarming being coastal erosion and, floods. 2006). Join ResearchGate to find the people and research you need to help your work. – Cybergeo: European Journal of Geography, plume with satellite-based ocean color data. shed which lead to water rise; (2) a difficult flow due to the Langue de Barbarie; (3) slowing down of discharge in the down river area; (4) the addition of marine water, to river discharge at times of heavy tides, and (5) the flat topography of the urban-, ized area. The Advanced Land Observing Satellite (Alos) was launched in January 2006. Bare soils with sparsely vegetated areas; 5. of 34.8% characterized by a significant disappearance of the mangrove (38.3%) concentrated in the north-western periphery of the estuary and a very weak extension (3.5%) from 1972 to 1986. These data when compared to physical characteristics, land. ciently well-interpreted from each image. This survey will open in a new tab and you can fill it out after your visit to the site. The maximum wave energy occurs during the months of July and August. The rainfall was found to be the main factor of the mangrove dynamics in the Saloum estuary. Analysis of an Ikonos image acquired on December 16, 2003, about 2.5 months after the artificial new mouth has been opened. H. September 15, 2010. Curious Minds is a Government initiative jointly led by the Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment, the Ministry of Education and the Office of the Prime Minister’s Chief Science Advisor. True. lead to frequent floods in the inhabited zones and in the irrigated perimeters as well. Bar-built Estuaries form when a shallow lagoon or bay is protected from the ocean by a sand bar, sand delta or barrier island. With only limited discussion of optics and theory presented in the book, such researchers might benefit from the detailed presentations of aquatic spectral signatures, and to operational management issues. Contamination may be primarily the result of foreign matter entering the well mouth. ‘A Partnership of Marine Interests’, 2: 462–, Bouvy, M., Arfi, R., Bernard, C., Carré, C., Got, P, (2010): Estuarine microbial community characteristics as indicators of human-induced, the world’s most diverse and extensive seagrass meadows. from September to November 1973, 1977, 1979, 1984, 1986, 1987, 1992, 1999, 2000, Although flood is inherently associated with the Senegal River estuary, dry period from the late 1960s to the early 1990s (, influenced the urbanization in the Saint-Louis City area. (either not registered or not available on the web server). This results in a long sandbar, the so-called Langue de Barbarie. The width slightly decreases during the end of the last dry period (2,145. wide on September 15, 2010, the last available data for our study). Technological constraints of the mouth bar built estuary example generally increases during the dry season ( January May. 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