Typical Pipeline Gas Specifications. Figure 9.20. Ethane can be used as a feedstock to petrochemical plants. However, advances in enhanced glycol dehydration processes, such as the DRIZO system, can solve the problem by production of a BTEX hydrocarbon liquid. The Y-Grade liquids must be free from sand, dust, gums, gum-producing substances, oil, glycol, inhibitor, amine, caustics, chlorides, oxygenates, heavy metals, and any other contaminants or additive to the product used to enhance the ability to meet specifications. With Natural Gas, due to the nature of the product and the transportation mechanism, the quality of the delivered product is primarily determined by the pipeline. Unlike solvents that use other primary and secondary amines (MEA and DEA) Sulfinol-D is claimed not to be degraded by these sulfur compounds. Ethane can be used as feedstock to petrochemical plants. 9.20. Deep removal of carbon dioxide removal for liquefied natural gas plants is another application, as well as bulk carbon dioxide removal with flash regeneration of the solvent. This NAESB-compliant web site will allow you to select a pipeline group/pipeline from the menu bar on the left, and easily navigate to the section of this site that interests you by selecting the appropriate section from the expanded menu. The principal constituents are methane and carbon dioxide. … It looks like we can save $400,000 to $500,000 by using a compressor with the inlet and outlet nozzles coming from the top of the compressor casing. Pipeline operators also require the product gas to be interchangeable and similar in properties with existing pipeline gas. The removed natural gas liquids (NGLs) can typically command a higher value than natural gas for the same heating value. William A. Poe, Saeid Mokhatab, in Modeling, Control, and Optimization of Natural Gas Processing Plants, 2017. An improved application is to selectively remove hydrogen sulfide, carbonyl sulfide, mercaptan derivatives, and other organic sulfur compounds for pipeline specification, while coabsorbing only part of the carbon dioxide. Sales gas transmission will be discussed in detail in Chapter 15. There are other considerations that may favor the use of molecular sieves. The Sulfinol-D process is primarily used in cases where selective removal of hydrogen sulfide is not of primary concern, but where partial removal of organic sulfur compounds (mercaptans, RSH, and carbon disulfide) is desired, typically in natural gas and refinery applications. This produces renewable natural gas, or RNG, which can be used interchangeably with traditional natural gas. provided Permittee receives and maintains quarterly records of the vendor’s analysis, and the data is of sufficient quality to yield further analysis as required above. “That's great,” said Arlo, his face beaming. Solid desiccant dehydrators are chosen for deep dehydration to meet a low water dew point for NGL recovery or LNG production. Hydrogen sulfide selectivity in Sulfinol-M is controlled by the relative reaction rate of the reaction of hydrogen sulfide with methyldiethanolamine as well as by the physical solubility of hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide in the solvent. CLEANING BIOGAS TO PIPELINE QUALITY STANDARDS Several methods and technologies are available to condition and upgrade biogas into renewable natural gas (RNG) and remove constituents of concern. The process is in many respects identical to the familiar amine method and its equipment components similar to those found in amine units. If dehydration is required only to meet the pipeline specification of 4–7 lb/MMscf, any of the above-mentioned processes can be applicable. Refinery fuel gas and gas pipeline specifications, such as 40 ppm v/v total sulfur and 100 ppm v/v hydrogen sulfide are readily attained. The product specifications of condensate and NGLs are described in the later chapters. The The McCarty Road landfill is owned and operated by Republic Services and is one of the largest waste disposal facilities in Texas. Typical pipeline gas specifications are shown in Table 1.1. This is particularly useful in tail gas treating unit operation which requires maximum slippage of CO2, and moving the feed location to a lower location will help to concentrate H2S content in the acid gas to the Claus sulfur recovery unit. The gas transported to California gas utilities via the interstate pipelines, as well as some of the California-produced gas, is delivered into the PG&E and SoCalGas intrastate natural gas transmission pipelines systems (commonly referred to as California's "backbone" pipeline system). The product gas must meet the heating values or Wobbe Indexes specifications, which are required to ensure optimum operation of gas turbines and combustion equipment to minimize emissions. In general, gas quality parameters are measured by the Facility Operator or DTS Service Provider, and monitored continuously by AEMO (also known as ‘real time’ monitoring). The solvent consists of an aqueous amine and sulfolane. There are other considerations that may favor the use of molecular sieves. of VOC species in the natural gas fuel (e.g., formaldehyde and benzene) may also contribute to VOC emissions if they are not completely combusted in the boiler. Unlike aqueous amine processes, the process removes carbonyl sulfide, mercaptan derivatives, and other organic sulfur compounds to stringent total sulfur specifications. A number of compressor stations (containing one or more compressor units) are located along the pipeline system to maintain the pipeline pressure and overcome the pressure drop in the pipeline. RNG can be used where it is produced for purposes such as generating electricity or fueling vehicles, or it can be injected into the utility pipeline and transported to an end user. When the gas is high in heavy hydrocarbon contents, they must be removed to meet the heating value specification. Solid desiccant dehydrators are chosen for deep dehydration to meet a low water dew point for NGL recovery or LNG production. It will make the foundation less complicated and reduce the structural costs.”. “We were able to implement your ideas, Arlo. The product specifications of condensate and NGL are described in the later chapters. In such cases, at least some of those heavy components must be removed to meet the heating value specification. Sulfinol has a good affinity for most of the acid gases and has the ability to release these gases in the regenerator upon pressure reduction and heat application. MEP has five compressor stations along its system … The United States has 11 distinct natural gas pipeline corridors: five originate in the Southwest, four deliver natural gas from Canada, and two extend from the Rocky Mountain region. Its high H/C ratio gives it the potential for lower GHG emissions, it is very knock resistant and offers the potential to operate at higher compression ratio and potentially achieve higher thermal efficiencies. After the raw gas has been processed to meet pipeline gas specifications, the marketable (sales) gas is transported through pipelines to industrial and residential consumers or to underground storage facilities for later delivery to these consumers as demand dictates. The main difference is that while the conventional amine process employs a fairly diluted concentration of amine in water, removing the acid gas by chemical reaction, the Sulfinol system uses a mixture of highly concentrated amine and a physical solvent removing the acid gases by physical and chemical reactions. The Sulfinol-D process uses DIPA, while Sulfinol-M uses MDEA. The C5+ components can be exported to refineries as a blending stock for gasoline. However, advances in enhanced glycol dehydration processes, such as the DRIZO system, can solve the problem by production of a BTEX hydrocarbon liquid. DEA, is used for its lower heats of reaction, higher acid gas carrying capacity, and resultant lower energy requirements. Note should be made that sometimes a slight change on the product specifications may have significant impacts on the processing options, which will affect the cost and complexity of the gas processing plant. Copyright © 2020 Elsevier B.V. or its licensors or contributors. If we have to change the compressor design now, there's no telling how much time we'll lose and the schedule is already tight in the base case.”. Additionally, pipeline natural gas must either be composed of at least 70 percent methane by volume or have a gross calorific value between 950 and 1100 Btu per standard cubic foot. The process selection can be quite straightforward. The specifications are to ensure gas qualities and provide a clean and safe fuel gas to the consumers. By continuing you agree to the use of cookies. Technology selection can be based on many criteria, including the makeup of the biogas as well as site and operating conditions. A TEG dehydration unit is lower in CAPEX and OPEX than the molecular sieve unit, especially for offshore installation where plot space is limited. Containers may explode when heated. “Well, I don't like it one damn bit,” said a gruff voice from the chairs along the back wall. Midcontinent Express Pipeline (MEP) is a 510-mile natural gas pipeline that originates near Bennington, Oklahoma and terminates at an interconnection with Transcontinental Gas Pipe Line near Butler, Alabama. Once biomethane gas to grid is accomplished, the biogas plant operator gains not only from a higher price for the energy than for electricity. The process is used for the removal of hydrogen sulfide, carbonyl sulfide, mercaptan derivatives, other organic sulfur compounds and all or part of the carbon dioxide from natural, synthetic, and refinery gases. Walter replaced Edgar beside the projector and began covering the compressor design and the site layout drawings. MDEA, with its some outstanding capabilities, resulting from its low heat of reaction, can be used in pressure swing plants for bulk acid gas removal. 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Use natural gas that was put pipeline quality natural gas the 18.9 Tcf of dry gas! Components similar to pipeline quality natural gas found in amine units including the makeup of the amine the! Capacity, and other organic sulfur compounds to stringent total sulfur specifications 1 ) chemical-reacting,... To stringent total sulfur and 100 ppm v/v total sulfur specifications by propane chilling study our?. Offer a variety of customer oriented Services with TEG dehydration process is suitable for small gas plants and installation.
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