Vallentyne, Peter (2007). The Political Compass The Political Compass is a website which uses responses to a set of 62 propositions to rate political ideology in a political spectrum with two axes: economic (left – right) and social (authoritarian – libertarian). "Libertarianism and the State". [126] Most left-libertarians of this tradition support some form of economic rent redistribution on the grounds that each individual is entitled to an equal share of natural resources[127] and argue for the desirability of state social welfare programs. So the political compass was invented. [165] Philosophical anarchist William Godwin, classical economists such as Adam Smith,[166][167] David Ricardo,[168] Thomas Robert Malthus, Nassau William Senior, Robert Torrens and the Mills, the early writings of Herbert Spencer,[169] socialists such as Thomas Hodgskin and Pierre-Joseph Proudhon, social reformer Henry George[169] and the Ricardian/Smithian socialists,[170][171] among others, "provided the basis for the further development of the left libertarian perspective". Fried, Barbara (Winter 2004). [27][31][30][35][36], Left-libertarianism such as anarchism envisages freedom as a form of autonomy[66] which Paul Goodman describes as "the ability to initiate a task and do it one's own way, without orders from authorities who do not know the actual problem and the available means". [209][210][211][212][213][214][215][216] Libertarian socialism opposes both authoritarian and vanguardist Bolshevism/Leninism and reformist Fabianism/social democracy. [61][64] By 1970, Rothbard had ultimately broke with the left, later allying with the burgeoning paleoconservative movement. Steiner, Hillel; Vallentyne, Peter (2000). [2][3][4][123] Accordingly, the former is often described as right-libertarianism[2][3] or right-wing libertarianism[4] while synonyms for the latter include left-libertarianism[2][3][4][10] or left-wing libertarianism,[8] libertarian socialism[65] and socialist libertarianism. [178][179] Geolibertarians generally advocate distributing the land rent to the community via a land value tax as proposed by Henry George and others before him. "The Freed Market". The publication in 2000 of Peter Vallentyne and Hillel Steiner's elegant two-volume collection of essays on Left-Libertarianism formally marks the emergence over the past two decades of a theory of distributive justice that seeks to harness the premises of the libertarian right to the political agenda of the egalitarian left. As seen from the Speaker's seat at the front of the Assembly, the aristocracy sat on the right (traditionally the seat of honor) and the commoners sat on the left, hence the terms right-wing politics and left-wing politics. Libertarianism has frequently been used as a synonym for anarchism since this time, especially in Europe. One of the twentieth century’s most acclaimed social scientists steps into the political arena to attack the dismantling of public welfare in the name of globalisation. Josiah Warren termed the phrase "Cost the limit of price", with "cost" referring not to monetary price paid, but the labor one exerted to produce an item. [292], Neo-libertarianism combines "the libertarian's moral commitment to negative liberty with a procedure that selects principles for restricting liberty on the basis of a unanimous agreement in which everyone's particular interests receive a fair hearing". 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