Maize ears should be harvested at the “milk stage” of development, when the kernels within the husk are well packed and produce a milky substance when the kernel is punctured. Fungus overwinters on crop debris or in the soil and can survive for several years; fungus usually enters the plant through wounds; application of nitrogen fertilizer increases incidence of disease, while application of phosphorous fertilizer decreases infection. Estimat ed loss due to major diseases of maize in India : 13.2 % out of which f oliar Diseases (5 %), stalk rots, r oot rots, ear rots (5 %). Locusts are sporadic and potentially major pests of maize. Curvularia tuberculata Comparison of two corn tassel infected with common smut (center), Ustilago maydis, and head smut (right), Sphacelotheca reiliana. Septoria zeae Caterpillars enter through the side of the ear and feed on developing kernels. The major genes Ht2 and Htn1 were also mapped to bins 8.05 and 8.06, suggesting the presence of a cluster of closely linked major and minor genes. Isolates MN207144, MN200604, MN200605, and MN200606 were found highly aggressive. may occur throughout the cultivation period. Aspergillus spp. Disease cycle The smut spores retain its viability for two years. Symptoms of all maize downy mildew pathogens are similar although may vary depends on cultivar, age and climate. Phytophthora drechsleri Sclerotium rolfsii This pattern starts from leaf end to leaf collar. Fungus overwinters in soil and crop debris; disease emergence is favored by high soil moisture and low temperatures leading to low soil oxygen levels. Close-up view of the corn leaf aphid (Rhopalospiphum maidis). Corn plant infected with Maize dwarf mosaic, Maize Dwarf Mosaic Virus (Potyvirus MDMV). P. penetrans Watch this video to know more about the common diseases in maize, the causes symptoms and control measures. 4. Emergence of disease is favored by high temperatures and extended periods of wet and cloudy weather - seedlings and mature plants are most susceptible to the disease. Therefore, the major objective of this maize seed production technique manual is to improve the knowledge to farmers about technical and management activities, including increment in production of quality seed of maize. Diseases of Maize Major diseases 1. The infected leaves initially shows narrow stripes between the veins. Rhizoctonia solani Many countries including the U.S. cultivate maize as a food source. Apply fertilizer. Soil can be brought up to temperature faster by laying black plastic mulches approximately 1 week prior to planting. As the disease progress the lesions become long and turn pale yellow with irregular margins running in the length. Fusarium oxysporum Damage shows up as gaps in the normal corn rows. Treat the seeds with Captan or Thiram at 4 g/kg. 2. …an immensely accomplished artist with a huge sound and a way of playing that is lyrical and intense without a hint of preciousness. Common smut on sweet corn cv. The choice of variety will depend on market requirements, environmental conditions, whether the crop is irrigated and the level of disease resistance required.Varieties are continually changing so ensure you have up-to-date varietal information. 3. 2016; Munkvold and White 2016). Field maize plant, the bottom leaf of which is showing symptoms of nitrogen deficiency. Root-knot nematode infected barley seedlings. Small holes or pits in leaves that give the foliage a characteristic “shothole” appearance; young plants and seedlings are particularly susceptible; plant growth may be reduced; if damage is severe the plant may be killed; the pest responsible for the damage is a small (1.5–3.0 mm) dark colored beetle which jumps when disturbed; the beetles are often shiny in appearance. Maize (Zea mays) is the third most important cereal crop in the world after rice and wheat in production and it is stable food crop in Ethiopia.It is believed to have originated in Mexico and to have been introduced to Ethiopia in the 1600s to 1700s (McCann, 2005). Fusarium poae Lesions that are 0.15-0.2 cm in diameter Maize has several major disease issues; thus, breeding multiple disease resistant (MDR) varieties is critical. One of the challenges of growing these crops is the presence of maize pests. The maize association panel used in this study is a collection of inbred lines from public breeding programs worldwide and represents substantial diversity present in maize (11, 19).In our experiments, the panel exhibited extensive variation in quantitative resistance to each of the diseases. Be sure to check the ears frequently for ripeness and harvest as required as ears can quickly become over-ripe and lose their sweetness. Under ideal conditions, the stalk will produce a second, slightly smaller ear which reaches maturity slightly later than the first. Corn plants are very heavy feeders and even the most fertile of soils may need to supplemented with nutrients as the plants develop, particularly nitrogen. One of the most important requirements for growing maize is a high quality soil which is deep, fertile and well-draining with a pH between 6.0 and 6.8. Contents. 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