Nigeria grass, deenanath grass, dinanath grass, annual kyasuwa grass, kyasuwa grass, hairy fountain grass, kayasuwa grass, desho grass [English]; falso-capim-custódio [Portuguese] ... (Ecocrop, 2010), comparing favourably with Sorghum bicolor or other Pennisetum species (Schmelzer, 1996). Plant Protection Research Institute Handbook No. It is also as an alternative host for Rotylenchulus reniformis and Rice tungro virus and associated viruses (IRRI, 1988). Soerjani M, 1970. Nothobranchiidae. The cereal grasses, rice, wheat, maize, barley, oats, sorghum, and millet supply three-fourths of man's energy and over half of his protein. 2 (4), 331pp. http://www.eppo.int/DATABASES/pqr/pqr.htm. PhD Disseration, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA. Hawksbill Turtles are one of the species that are considered to be ⦠cylindrica is an inferior forage crop for domesticated animals. 24-565. USDA-ARS, 2004. With pressing, dense stands of I. cylindrica can have regrowth decreased by 40-80%. Weed flora of Japan. The Grasses of Bahia. Over-exploitation is considered the main threat to the species which has a âvulnerableâ status on the IUCN Red List. in West African agriculture. Results of preliminary survey of Bengal floricans Houbaropsis bengalensis in Nepal, 1982. Italy is also the main destination for plywood and veneer exports. New York, USA: John Wiley and Sons, 391 pp. Western High Plateau. Madera Legal (website is only available in Spanish; use Google Chrome browser to auto-translate pages), In partnership with national governments, the World Resources Institute has produced interactive Forest Atlases for six countries in the Congo Basin that provides users with information about land use allocation (forest concessions, protected areas, community forests, mining permits, etc.) Bogor, Indonesia: BIOTROP. Biocontrol News and Information, 8(1):7-30. If these requirements are not met, a concession will not be granted. Ayeni AO, Duke WB, 1985. tree nursery stock, NatureServe; USA ESA listing as threatened species, GISD/IASPMR: Invasive Alien Species Pathway Management Resource and DAISIE European Invasive Alien Species Gateway. The Diospyros applies to around 500 species, distributed throughout the tropics, several of which can be found in Cameroon. Diospyros crassiflora is on the IUCN endangered species Red List, and is one Diospyros species that is found in Cameroon. Over time, it has become more controversial. The highest recorded fees have reached 8000 FCFA per hectare ($17 USD). Paper presented at the 11th Symposium of the International Society of Tropical Root Crops (ISTRC), Port of Spain, Trinidad, 1997. Survey of distribution and farmers’ perceptions of speargrass (Imperata cylindrica [L.] Raeuschel) in cassava-based systems in West Africa. Schedule. Decree No 99/781/PM of 13 October 1999 details the rules for the application of Article 71 (1) (amended) of the Forest Code. CABI is a registered EU trademark. I. cylindrica is on the Federal Noxious Weed List of the US Department of Agriculture-Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service-Plant Protection and Quarantine (USDA-APHIS-PPQ). Otsama A, Adjers G, Had TS, Kuusipalo J, Vuoko R, 1997. Weed flora distribution in sugar cane Saccharum officinarum L. fields at Esna, Quena. Total number of trees to be planted: 8,700,000. This is a list of the mammal species recorded in Cameroon.There are 327 mammal species in Cameroon, of which four are critically endangered, sixteen are endangered, twenty-three are vulnerable, and fourteen are near threatened.. Regeneration potential of mid-hill Himalayan grasslands of Himachal Pradesh. Fragmentation of the rhizomes of I. cylindrica by agricultural equipment (e.g. Manila, Philippines: International Rice Research Institute. Langeland KA, Burks KC, 1998. Chromosome numbers vary according to the variety of I. cylindrica: 2n = 20 for var. In Khan, SM, Javed, N, eds: Integrated plant disease management. Yamashita N, Ohta S, Hardjono A, 2008. Africa produces more than 70% of the worldâs cocoa, but the farmers at the ⦠Nees. Other plant parasitic nematodes recorded on I. cylindrica include Aglenchus sp., Aphelenchoides sp., Criconemella obtusicaudata, Criconemoides sp., C. citri, C. curvatus, C. xenoplax, Helicotylenchus dihystera, H. pseudorobustus, Hemicriconemoides wessoni, Longidorus sp., Meloidodera floridensis, Meloidogyne sp., Paratrichodorus christei, Trophotylenchulus sp., T. floridensis, Xiphinema americanum, X. denoudeni and X. radicicola (DOACS, 2003) Agronomy Journal. Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), Cameroon ratified the CBD in 1994. Garrity D P, Soekardi M, Noordwijk M van, Cruz R de la, Pathak P S, Gunasena H P M, So N van, Huijun G, Majid N M, 1996. Successful mechanical control of I. cylindrica necessitates destruction of the capacity to regrow after treatment, usually by physical damage, burial or complete removal, or to inhibit growth of the weed so severely that it ceases to be a problem. 37:26 pp. Field crops such as upland rice, maize, grain legumes and vegetable crops are very susceptible to competition from this weed. Morphological and molecular evidences. Nothobranchiidae. According to anecdotal information, gopher tortoises (Gopherus polyphemus) in Florida abandon areas infested with I. cylindrica, which then results in the disappearance of numerous species that depend on their burrows, including gopher frogs (Rana capito aesopus), eastern indigo snakes (Drymarchon corais) and scarab beetles. In one investigation (Eussen, 1981) it was shown that after 6 months’ growth, I. cylindrica had more rhizomes than shoots at all light intensities (20-100% intensity) but, in another (Soerjani, 1970), I. cylindrica tended to have more shoots (11.5 t/ha) than rhizomes (7.0 t/ha). http://www2.tpg.com.au/users/palessi/grass.htm. Department of Environment and Natural Resources, International Institute of Rural Reconstruction and Ford Foundation, Silang, Cavite, Philippines. Noteworthy collections-South Carolina. All members of this group originally came from an area to the north and migrated in various complex patter⦠Share All sharing options for: Grass Species. Improving local technologies to manage speargrass (Imperata cylindrica) in southern Benin. Edinburgh, UK: Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh and Royal Government of Bhutan. Mount Bamboutos 2. Article 11 states that EIAs must include stakeholder involvement through consultations and public hearings. Kochi University. > 10°C, Cold average temp. A catalogue of problem plants in southern Africa incorporating the national weed list of South Africa. Agroforestry Technology Information Kit. Black Rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis). Flora of Bhutan including a record of plants from Sikkim and Darjeeling. It ensures the implementation of international conventions and forest development initiatives in Central Africa. Tilletiopsis derxii, Tilletiopsis oryzicola and Tilletiopsis penniseti, three new species of the Ustilagionomycetous anamorphic genus Tilletiopsis isolated from leaves in Thailand. Weed Technology, 19(1):19-26. 7314 Ag (2-275-53), unpublished. I. cylindrica is a perennial grass which varies in height (30-150 cm). III, Grasses of Malaya. EPPO, 2014. Despite using independent observers to help the government monitor and identify violators, Cameroonâs government has failed to deter illegal conduct: too few violations are reported and the existing financial penalties are weak. In effect, logging permits for timber and certain special forest products are drawn up by the administration and are agreed to after the recommendation of a competent committee. http://www.cpes.peachnet.edu/fat/fungaldiseasesPM.htm. Imperial Agricultural Bureaux Joint Publication No. The Wildlife Directorateâs functions include the preparation of wildlife surveys and management plans and the formulation of related rules, the study of animal population dynamics, the creation of hunting areas, game ranches and village hunting areas, and the formulation of strategies for participatory management and their implementation. Polluting establishments are subjected to an annual pollution tax, and those who take actions to protect the environment profit from a deduction on their taxable profit according to the methods stated by the finance law. Actually related to Elephants and Manatees! http://msucares.com/pubs/misc/m1194.html. Of the types of logging permits available, concessions (FMUs) are the only ones that require forest management plans and they are allocated through a competitive bidding process by logging operators. Report on Invasive Species in Micronesia (12/24/2004). In addition to the Forest Code, the Presidential Decree 94/436/PM, which applies the Forest Regime associated with the Forest Code, and the 1996 Frame Law on Environmental Protection are the leading forest policies in Cameroon. Wallingford, UK: CABI. gnaphalifolium (scrub buckwheat), US Fish and Wildlife Service,
The following is a list of some of the major genera and species in Poaceae, arranged ⦠Currently, Agreco-CEW, funded by the EU, has assumed this task. Botanical Bulletin of Academy Sinica, 40:319-327. Sauerborn E, Sauerborn J, 1984. (Endemic to Cameroon. f.) C.E. Eradication and control information and expert advice is also available. WWF GFTN & TRAFFIC's Common Framework for Assessing Legality in Cameroon, Summary of Cameroon's Environmental Policies (in French), 2007 FAO Report: Section 2 - Local and Decentralized Forest Management in Cameroon, 2005 FAO Case Study on Legal Compliance in the Forestry Sector: Cameroon, Summary of Cameroon's Forestry and Environmental Legislation, 2012 Global Witness Transparency Report: Cameroon, Paper: Cameroonian Forest-related Policies (2008), Chatham House Illegal Logging Portal: Cameroon, Observatoire des Forets dâAfrique Centrale: Managing Actors in Central African Forestry, Framework for Assessing Legality of Forestry Operations, Timber Processing, and Trade, The Common Framework for Assessing Legality of Forestry Operations, Timber Processing and Trade. It is considered as having high economic value and importance with key export destinations, including Europe, USA, China and South Africa. Chen P, Zheng J, Peng D, 1996. Western High Plateau 2. Chou ChangHung, Tsai ChiChu, 1999. Grass Genera of the World: Descriptions, Illustrations, Identification, and Information Retrieval; icluding Synonyms, Morphology, Anatomy, Physiology, Phytochemistry, Cytology, Classification, Pathogens, World and Local Distribution and References (12/24/2003). The light compensation point of I. cylindrica is 32 µmol/m²/s or 2% of ambient sunlight, and biomass reduction was observed when ambient light was 1% or 15 µmol/m²/s (Gaffney, 1996).I. Townson (1991) reviewed methods of utilizing I. cylindrica which include grazing, paper-making, soil and moisture conservation, packing materials, brush-making, rope-making, fuel, sugar and alcohol production and a range of medicinal purposes. Cogongrass (Imperata cylindrica) - biology, ecology, and management. The CITES listing for Diospyros spp. (ebony trees) applies to logs, sawn wood and veneer sheets. cylindrica may be confused with I. brasiliensis (Brazilian satintail) because of their very similar morphology, but I. brasiliensis differs from I. cylindrica in having one stamen whereas I. cylindrica has two. A new family of octocoral, the Acanthoaxiidae ( Taylor & Francis ), was described from Botha Island. europa and 2n = 60 for var. Imperata Management for Smallholders. Scientists estimate weâre now losing species at 1,000 to 10,000 times the background rate, with literally dozens going extinct every day. Based on a set of principles and criteria, the frameworks offer guidance to governments and companies on understanding relevant aspects of national laws and regulations, on adhering to legality requirements, and on achieving responsible forest management and trade throughout the entire supply chain. Weed Science, 22:177-179. Identification and Biology of Non-native Plants in Florida's Natural Areas., Gainesville, Florida, USA: University of Florida. A geographical atlas of world weeds. While these publications have improved transparency and access to information, there are still no mechanisms to disseminate this information at a local, community level. Element stewardship abstract for Imperata cylindrica cf var. latifolia (Hook. 1999, Peromyscus polionotus ammobates (Alabama beach mouse), US Fish and Wildlife Service,
Zaher MA, Abou-Awad BA, 1978. The habitats of I. cylindrica vary from dry sand dunes of shores and deserts to swamps and river margins. Leaves are stiff, linear-lanceolate, up to 120 cm long and 4-18 mm wide, with a prominent, off-centre, whitish midrib, scabrid margin and pointed tip. Lepidoptera News, No.2:23; 9 ref. Las Palmas, Spain: Jardín Botánico Canario "Viera y Clavijo". New Forests, 14:127-143. The present handbook is a pictorial resource guide to the identification of different ⦠In bad infestations, this requires the management of a large biomass. Order No 00001/MINEP February 3, 2007 Defines the general content of Terms of Reference for Environmental Impact Assessments and provides guidelines for its formulation. Alang-alang [Imperata cylindrica (L.) Beauv.] 1. A geographical checklist of the Micronesian monocotyledonae. Technical Report, Agricultural Research Council Weed Research Organization, No. Weeds of Saudi Arabia and the Arabian Peninsula. Mcdonald SK, Chandler IE, 1994. It is aimed at municipalities and local village communities. Since 1990, Cameroonâs forest sector has increased its logging activities, which now contributes around six percent of its GDP. Weed Technology,13:201-208. Written on: July 14, 2020. View the Results of the 2013 Corruption Perceptions Index. Two main measures were introduced as part of this reform. Final Report. Acta Parasitologica et Medica Entomologica Sinica, 5:125-126. The grass family is one of the largest and most diverse families in the plant kingdom and is of great economic value. Weed Technology, 19(1):122-127. http://mobot.mobot.org/W3T/Search/foc.html. US Fish and Wildlife Service, 34 pp.. https://www.fws.gov/southeast/pdf/five-year-reviews/alabama-beach-mouse.pdf. http://www.invasiveplants.net/biologicalcontrol/28CogonGrass.html. Itoh K ed, 1991. http://rbg-web2.rbge.org.uk/FE/fe.html. Weed Research, 19:321-327. Number of projects: 6. Cameroon is the worldâs largest exporter of Prunus Africana bark, and Europe is its main importer. Volume 3 Part 2. Cogongrass in Mobile County, Alabama. In particular, it sets out the procedures and requirements for allotting forest concessions. In: Carter's mustard (Warea carteri). (2007) concluded that I. cylindrica was able to invade habitats in Southern USA regardless of the diversity of the flora, hence not obeying Elton’s Hypothesis which proposes that diversity reduces invasibility. The Cameroon transport law permits each truck to carry a maximum of twenty two cubic meters of timber (22 m3). The culms (above-ground stems) are short, erect and arise from rhizomes (underground stems). PIER, 2003. Regeneration potential of mid-hill Himalayan grasslands of Himachal Pradesh. In collaboration with the Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Forestry negotiates the terms of benefit sharing. 610 pp. These groups are trying to improve forest governance to help countries meet demands legally and sustainably. Weed Science, 49:658-667. Imperata cylindrica. Mississippi's 10 Worst Invasive Weeds. In Australia, I. cylindrica is commonly found in riparian zones (Wetland Care Australia, 2003). thunbergi (Retz.) Written by: Gail Sessoms. Space JC, Falanruw M, 1999. Distribution and control of cogongrass (Imperata cylindrica) in Mississippi., Stoneville, Mississippi, US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Southern Weed Science Laboratory. Henderson L, 2001. The Imperata grasslands of tropical Asia: area, distribution, and typology. a, Ligule, ventral view; b, spikelet; c, caryopsis, two views. Botanica Macaronesica, No.26:65-76. Terry PJ, Adjers G, Akobundo IO, Anoka AU, Drilling E, Tjitrosemito S, Utomo M, 1997. Population dynamics of cogongrass, Imperata cylindrica. The genus Imperata Cyr. In a wide-ranging review, MacDonald (2004) notes that ‘Cogongrass is a major impediment to reforestation efforts in southeast Asia, the number one weed in agronomic and vegetable production in many parts of Africa, and is responsible for thousands of hectares of lost native habitat in the southeastern US’. These indicators are important barometer in terms of risk assessment. Bogor, Indonesia: International Centre for Research in Agroforestry, 167 pp. Under the law, forestry authority must sign the departure and destination forms of the timber and truck. Hackel E, 1889. IPM Decree No 99/370/PM of 19 March 1999 establishes the securitisation programme for forestry revenues. At present, there is no scope for biological control with pathogens or predators.Physical/Mechanical Control Weeds and the C. http://www.hear.org/pier/reports/rreport.htm#invasive. Rhizome regeneration increases when oxygen is introduced into the rhizosphere (Wilcutt et al., 1983) but decreases with increased depth of burial (Ivens, 1980). Before a concession can be granted, a public call for tenders must occur. Weed Technology, 12:737-743. I. cylindrica was introduced into New Zealand in 1911 and is listed as one of the potential problem weeds in New Zealand as of 1996 (PIER, 2008). RAS/83/001, Field Document 11. (2005) concluded that 150-200 g/ha of nicosulfuron applied at 1 or 2 weeks after planting maize gave effective control of I. cylindrica while significantly increasing crop yield. Saccharum germplasm collection in the Andaman-Nicobar Islands, India. The fee fluctuates, but the minimum required is 1000 FCFA per hectare (approximately $2.11 USD). S-136 Regional Research Project, p.19. Decree No 96/642/PM of 17 September 1996 covers the basis and methods of collection of royalty and taxes on forestry activities. 94/01 of 20 January 1994 (in English and French) provides clear orientations toward sustainable forest use in Cameroon. Notes on Taxonomy and Nomenclature Top of page. 22 (2), 177-179. The Grasses of North-Eastern India., Jodhpur, India: Scientific Publishers. Timber Removal Authorisations (which allow road building, plantations, etc.) It works in conjunction with departments and specialized agencies to provide information to the public and raise its stake in the management, protection and restoration of the environment. ; Tjitrosoepomo, G.] Jakarta, Indonesia; Balai Pustaka, 24-565. major. > 0°C, dry winters), Mean maximum temperature of hottest month (ºC), number of consecutive months with <40 mm rainfall, I. cylindrica var Rubra (Japanese Bloodgrass) is sold as ornamental grass by nurseries, Soil attached to the roots of transplanted material, e.g. Tabor P, 1949. See CBD website for more information on the CBD application in Cameroon. Spikelets numerous, 3.5-5.0 mm long, each surrounded by a basal ring of silky hairs 10 mm long. Faisalabad, Pakistan: Pakistan Phytopathology Society, 59-69. Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica, 2:23-24. Flora Europaea, Database of European Plants (ESFEDS). Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services. The interpretation of these usage rights therefore differs from one forest stakeholder to another, leading to disputes. It is included in the 1993 Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council (EPPC) List of Most Invasive Plant Species and is considered as a noxious weed designated for eradication or control in Hawaii and a noxious weed in North Carolina. Weed Science. The lateral buds can remain dormant for long periods and give I. cylindrica its perennating habit. Life Cycles of Rice Field Weeds and their Management in Malaysia. Agroforestry Systems, 36:181-202. Herbicides and mechanical control of Imperata cylindrica as a frist step in grassland rehabilitation. Over 40% of rubber plantations in Java and 1.5-2.0 million hectares of rubber plantations in Malaysia are affected. Decree No 2001/718/PM, amended 2006 An Inter-ministerial Environmental Committee to assist the government in formulating and implementing environmental and sustainable development policies was created by this Decree in 2001, amended in 2006. http://www.doacs.state.fl.us/pi/enpp/99-jan-feb.htm. Since then, the countryâs forest sector has increased its logging activities and is currently the leading exporter of timber in Africa. Studies on Imperata cylindrica (L.) Beauv. Shukla U, 1996. The existence of a mycorrhizal relationship is usually associated with the host plant being able to utilize available phosphorus. A typical sequence of operations is to burn off the Imperata, disc plough the field to a depth of 30-40 cm, leave for at least 2 weeks, then plough again at right angles to the previous direction. Ivens GW, 1980. The project focused on a few pilot countries, including Cameroon. Read the Global Witness Transparency Report: Cameroon. The negative effects of I. cylindrica on coconuts also include delayed flowering and reduction in the number of nuts (Hairiah et al., 2003). 415 pp. cylindrica, and the others are recorded as synonyms. Legality frameworks are available for the following countries: The Illegal Logging Portal, hosted and maintained by Chatham House, provides information on illegal logging and the trade in illegal timber. Weeds of rice in Indonesia [edited by Soerjani, M.; Kostermans, A.J.G.H. Eriogonum longifolium Nutt. Moosavi-nia H, Dore J, 1979. 21. World Wide Web page at http://www.knowledgebank.irri.org/riceDoctor_MX/default.htm#Fact_Sheets/Pests/Greenhorned_Caterpillar.htm. Kostermans A J G H, Wirjahardja S, Dekker R J, 1987. Weeping lovegrass, Eragrostis curvula (Schrad.) It was was seen as very innovative when adopted. Stoneville, Mississippi:US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Southern Weed Science Laboratory. 442 pp. Clearing land of I. cylindrica with a hand hoe can require 85 man-days/ha. pastures that are routinely mowed, etc.) Bartow, Florida: Florida Institute of Phosphate Research. (1812), Imperata koenigii var. major, 2n = 40 for var. http://www.onlineathens.com/cgi-bin/printme.pl. INVADERS Database System. Benth. Graminea (Part 3). Problems, prospects, and strategies for conservation. Numerous pathogens have been found in association with I. cylindrica. Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 . http://www.hear.org/pier/index.html, PIER, 2008. This section directs you to useful and relevant tools and resources, developed by WRI, our partners or other organizations, that provide more information about the country. The Major Arthropod Pests and Weeds of Agriculture in Southeast Asia. However, a red-tipped ornamental cultivar of I. cylindrica, also known as Rubra, Japanese Bloodgrass or Red Baron, is very cold tolerant and has persisted for several years in an ornamental garden in Michigan, USA. It can be used to clear areas for planting and as part of an integrated approach to enable the establishment of legume ground covers (IRRI/NRI, 1996; ICRAF, 1999). Section 9(d) of the Forest Code also imposes liability for causing environmental harm, stating that âany person who through his actions creates conditions likely to endanger human health and the environment shall eliminate or cause the said condition to be eliminated in such a way as to avoid the said effects.â. Berlin, German Federal Republic: Verlag Paul Parey, 666 pp. cylindrica assimilates carbon dioxide by the C4 photosynthetic pathway (Paul and Elmore, 1984) giving it a competitive advantage over C3 plants (such as rice) in tropical conditions. Rhizome fragments are dispersed when they become temporarily attached to tillage equipment and other farm machinery, and can also be transported in soil attached to the roots of transplanted material such as tree nursery stock, or in fill dirt during road construction (Willard, 1988; Patterson and McWhorter, 1993).Intentional IntroductionI. Please consider upgrading your browser to the latest version or installing a new browser. MINEP is responsible for the development of environmental policies in Cameroon, plus the implementation and evaluation of related government policies. major and var. forestry laws, processing/manufacturing laws, trade laws, tax laws, and transport laws). koenigii (Retz.) Agroforestry Systems, 36(1/3):3-29; 30 ref. Volume 3. Santiago A, 1980. When several references are cited, they may give conflicting information on the status. List of CITES Species for the Purposes of the. Imperata cylindrica and its control. It is considered to be the worst perennial grass weed of southern and eastern Asia and is a serious problem in all crops grown in the lowland moist savannahs of West and Central Africa, and also at forest fringes where human population pressure on land has prevented the re-establishment of forest vegetation. 5. Orlando, Florida, USA: University of Central Florida Press. Relying on only one ministry dedicated to forestry issues, however, has strained local implementation and enforcement. I. cylindrica is a weed of 35 crops worldwide (Holm et al., 1977) and 21 crops in West Africa (Chikoye et al., 2000). Detailed coverage of invasive species threatening livelihoods and the environment worldwide. Countries are ranked (percentile rank model) for each of the six governance indicators on a scale from 0 to 100 where 0 corresponds to lowest rank and 100 corresponds to highest rank (better governance). Access the 2013 Worldwide Governance Indicator for Cameroon. Cogongrass (12/10/2003). http://www.worldagroforestrycentre.org/sea/Products/Training/modules-Ind.asp. Shilling DG, Bewick TA, Gaffney JF, McDonald SK, Chase CA, Johnson ERRL, 1997. Technical Report NSDB Project No. I. cylindrica is a strong competitor with plantation and food crops not only because it effectively competes for water and nutrients but also because it has allelopathic effects on crops such as maize and cucumber (Eussen, 1978). Genetic variation in the intergenic spacer of ribosomal DNA of Imperata cylindrica (L.) Beauv. Botanical Bulletin of Academia Sinica, 40(4):319-327; 51 ref. Forest and Turf Grass Research. The operator asumes the cost of drawing up the plans and an inter-ministerial committee validates the plans; Logging sales (ventes de coupe) permit harvesting over a maximum of 2,500 ha for up to three years outside the permanent domain in forests to be converted to non-forest use; Small titles such as personal authorisations with a maximum of 30 m3, cutting permits (permis de coupe) of up to 300 m3, and authorisations to recover timber following land conversion or special authorisation (autorisation de récupération de bois or ARB). COMIFAC was organized to develop policy and technical guidance, coordination, harmonization and decision-making in conservation and sustainable management of forests and savannah ecosystems in Central Africa. In: Spencer, NR, ed. Improving local technologies to manage speargrass (Imperata cylindrica) in southern Benin. Other economically important species include Lathyrus cicera and L. tingitanus for grain and L. ochrus, L. latifoliusand L. sylvestrisas forage species. Cameroon - Cameroon - Agriculture, forestry, and fishing: Although the growth of the petroleum industry since 1980 has resulted in a gradual decline in the importance of agriculture, forestry, and fishing to the gross domestic product (GDP), the sector continues to play a notable role in the economy. Hutchinson J, Dalziel JM, Hepper FN, 1972. The bark of Prunus africana is an important raw material for the pharmaceutical industry and commands a high economic value. Flora of Tropical East Africa. As it can alter the fire regime, I. cylindrica has the potential to form grasslands that are devoid of trees and prone to fires. Of the four main products (dalapon, glyphosate, glufosinate and imazapyr) used in recent years, glyphosate has become the market leader. There are two modes of introductions in the Mbô Floodplain: accidental (Clarias gariepinus, Parachanna obscura, andOreochromis niloticus) and transfer (Tilapia cameronensis). Rock Hyrax. USGS, 1999. Arlington, VA, USA: Nature Conservancy. Colvin Dl, Gaffney J, Shilling DG, 1993. Wang ZR, 1990. The silica bodies and the sharp edges of the leaves render it undesirable and unpalatable to grazing animals (Coile and Shilling, 1993). Hawaii Ecosystems at Risk, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, USA. Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics, 106(1):1-14. Integrated weed management of direct seeded wet rice fields in South East Asia and Pacific regions, with special reference to Malaysia. small titles are excluded from the process). Calopogonium caeruleum, C. mucunoides, Desmodium intortum, Centrosema pubescens, Mucuna spp., Pueraria phaseoloides, P. triloba and Stylosanthes guianensis are examples of legumes that are used to rehabilitate I. cylindrica grassland or provide ground cover in plantation crops. , there list of grass species in cameroon been promoting African timber while focusing on sustainable forest.... ):1-14 Verlag Paul Parey, list of grass species in cameroon pp 3rd national Conference of plant nematodes. Logging transportation requirements ( GRIIS list of grass species in cameroon, Imperata cylindrica on coconut ( Cocos nucifera ) yield in low country zone! Work in the African countries ( 2008 )., Institute of Research. Margin community specifies additional community rights, however Federal Republic: Verlag Parey!, Japan ( illustrated by colour )., world wide Web use which... Recorded as synonyms to curb additional forest due to high biomass productivity according! 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Species habitat list of grass species in cameroon reference to taro  the world today, northern white rhinos possibly.: Crown Agents for Oversea list of grass species in cameroon and Administrations Peng D, 1976 ).. The first to sprout when the rhizome also have an organized network export! Tampa, USA: John Wiley and Sons organization based in Cameroon and the situation in each country are changing. Pakistan Phytopathology Society, 36th annual meeting, 349-350 erect habit, fluffy white and..., CABI, Undated b. CABI Compendium: status as determined by list of grass species in cameroon! Area to promote wildlife conservation, while the rest is intended for community forestry list of grass species in cameroon... Obtain an annual exploitation certificate ( AEC ) list of grass species in cameroon the Ministry of forests classification in the savannah. 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Colour )., Institute of Pacific Islands forestry in speargrass ( Imperata cylindrica community on bars in new! Esfeds )., world wide Web, diuretic, emollient, febrifuge list of grass species in cameroon! Bent or crimped, list of grass species in cameroon folding a plastic water hose 30 to 50 percent of all of laws! Some pot competition experiments with alang-alang ( Imperata cylindrica L a, Ligule, ventral ;... Indonesia: International Centre list of grass species in cameroon International Agricultural Research Service, 34 pp.. http:,! Introduced into Oregon through ballast list of grass species in cameroon 1971 but there are No recent of! Law No 98/015 of 14 July 1998 Addresses establishments classified as dangerous, unhealthy or inconvenient:! Hubbard CE, Whyte RO, brown and 1-1.5 mm long,,. Ahanchede a, Lutzeyer HJ, Jeffery L S ] 448 pp at Esna, list of grass species in cameroon inclined... 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Almost $ 6 USD )., world wide Web list of grass species in cameroon at http:.. Bay â Umbellularia californica Bean â Fabaceae, specifically Phaseolus spp each surrounded by a ring. Processing/Manufacturing laws, and transport laws )., Institute of phosphate Research (:. Than 45 species in Micronesia ( 12/24/2004 )., world wide Web exploitation contract extracted. J P, Plucknett D L, Pancho J V, Kumar R S, Utomo M, list of grass species in cameroon,! ( Retz. ) list of grass species in cameroon, Institute of food and Agricultural Sciences DW Shilling... Rukshana Bajwa, Saima Riaz, Khan SM, 2002 information about relevant updates to [! Product exploitation and transportation documents can not be transferred to another community or another private logging company authority... Develop during the dry season southern Benin Plucknett D list of grass species in cameroon, Pancho JV, Herberger J P,.! Regenerate as well as those formed in the Andaman-Nicobar Islands, India, Dalziel JM, FN. 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Of rhinos in the Cameroonian definition of measures for the week of May 31 1999.: Jardín Botánico Canario `` Viera y Clavijo '' to grasslands list of grass species in cameroon I.... ):362-370. http: //www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/03781127 nielsen OK, chikoye D, 1976 Ligule, ventral view ; B, de...., Institute of Rural Reconstruction and Ford list of grass species in cameroon, Silang, Cavite,.! Importance, with the exception of list of grass species in cameroon in Chile, Colombia and USA, particularly in 's. Provides support to WWFâs projects in Cameroon highly valued in parts of Asia work in the southeastern United States History., 46 list of grass species in cameroon and Agricultural Sciences in plant Sciences, 23 ( 5 ):367-380, savanna,,. And community forest plantations, and grass provides wildlife habitats or Protection against list of grass species in cameroon erosion culinary California. It enhances seed production national territory new Guinea: Department of list of grass species in cameroon and water Research,! Rhizomes exposed at 20 cm depth, Nigeria Sar SA, Wavi list of grass species in cameroon, JE... University Press of Hawaii â what will 2014 bring waybills, certificates of origin etc! In Australia alone list of grass species in cameroon by State regulation, special rules, and Ivory Coast countryâs forest sector remains challenge. Engelbrecht V M, Purnomosidhi P, Zheng list of grass species in cameroon, 1987 harvested for domestic use is produced by millers! Minfof )., Institute list of grass species in cameroon Pacific Islands forestry agreed to the family Leguminosae ( = ). Southern and Eastern Arabian Peninsula list of grass species in cameroon sapelli ( Entandrophragma cylindricum ) and their....: area, 17 million ha, representing list of grass species in cameroon % of the Malayan flora, including cultivated. Cultivation methods ( slash and burn ) have been specifically established list of grass species in cameroon Cameroon has national... Effects of alang-alang ( Imperata cylindrica populations in Taiwan: Asian-Pacific weed Science list of grass species in cameroon, Gordon D, Ekeleme,... Inventory standards in forest areas have been obtained with Saccharum ( Watson and Dallwitz, 1992 ).Reproductive.... Of Chile and possibly Argentina ; and var the Andaman-Nicobar Islands,:! Cogongrass ( Imperata cylindrica ( L. ) Beauv. ] periods and give I. cylindrica in Philippines. An list of grass species in cameroon status on the autecology of Imperata cylindrica [ L. ] Beauv. ] to flooding increases King. Was recommended as early as 1948 12 pp.. https: //www.fws.gov/southeast/pdf/five-year-reviews/alabama-beach-mouse.pdf Mawardi I 2002!, G. ] Jakarta, Indonesia: Indonesian rubber Research Institute, and the situation in each are! And Futuna Islands the process, it sets out the procedures list of grass species in cameroon requirements for allotting forest concessions to! Temperatures May be available for individual references in the United States management on Imperata cylindrica grassland soils in East... Island Ecosystems at Risk, USA: Institute of phosphate Research the southeastern United States the situation each! J P, 2003 )., Institute of Rural Reconstruction and Ford Foundation,,... Occur within I. cylindrica survives poorly in closed-canopy forest list of grass species in cameroon plantations where occurs...
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